NUCLEAR FUSION.

Heavy nuclei are one way to obtain nuclear energy, and the fusion of light nuclei is another way to generate this energy. By combining two atoms of deuterium, a hydrogen atom, sometimes known as heavy hydrogen, produces a helium atom and releases a large amount of energy. 

Albert Einstein. 

The energy that starts when one kilogram of deuterium is converted to helium increases 6 times the energy produced by a kilogram of uranium. But the reactions of fusion known in nuclear reactions do not occur only if the atoms of deuterium exposed very high Energy and this means that it must be moving in a very high speed, which in turn means its presence at a very high temperature above the temperature of ten million Celsius and such a high degree of temperature does not happen normally above earth surface but in the heart of the raging star. the energy of the sun and other stars are indeed produced by these thermonuclear reactions.In the center of the sun, hydrogen turns into deuterium and deuterium into helium. 

Deuterium Chain Reactions.

This is caused by the effect of gravity at the center of the sun, where the hydrogen atoms are bound together by extreme pressure and a very high temperature. When a neutron and proton collide, a deuterium nucleus is formed. When 2 Deuterium atoms collide Helium is formed. and the sum of these interactions is that the total mass of the deuterium is greater than the total mass of helium produced. This mass difference, called  

Plasma Containment.

is transformed into energy under Einstein's law. The generation of a temperature is high enough to cause these interactions. on the surface of the Earth is very rare, the atomic fission in the atomic bomb is one of the sources to generate a temperature such alike, and that is the principle of the hydrogen bomb. If a fusion reactor could be made, it would have great advantages over the fission reactor model. Getting hydrogen fuel is easier and less expensive than getting uranium. 

Thermal power plant.

Two of the three atoms in the water molecule is hydrogen, and from every hundred thousand hydrogen atoms, there are 15 atoms of deuterium. Thus, the sea water provides us with very abundant amounts of fuel. Another important advantage is that the fission reactor produces radioactive waste that should be disposed of, This is at sea, but the fusion reactor does not produce any hazardous waste. Unfortunately, despite the continuous attempts in many laboratories, no one has succeeded in creating a fusion reactor. There are three main difficulties.

Atomic Bomb.

 The first is to generate a temperature of the high temperature known as the "ignition class" to start the reaction and the second is to build a receptacle containing an interaction at a measured temperature Several million. All known substances evaporate immediately at high temperatures. The third difficulty is in deriving the heat generated by the reaction. Scientists have reached the degree of ignition of the fusion interaction in several applications, but in a small part of the second only and the problem is now extended this period, as well as the problem of containment, has been solved partially using magnetic fields as walls of the consciousness of these reactions.

Albert Einstein from 1879 until 1955 the great German scientist who settled in the United States has shown his relative theories that the mass and energy are two forms of mutual exchange on each other and in thermodynamic reactions turn some of the mass of deuterium atoms into energy and this is the source of the sun's energy is also the principle of hydrogen bomb.

Thermodynamic reactions occur between the nuclei of the deuterium nuclei, which are composed of neutrons and protons. In the first reaction, the nuclei of the deuterium merge into helium 3 and an additional neutron. In the second reaction, it is also possible to produce the third hydrogen counterpart called tritium. In the latter two reactions, tritium and helium 3 react with deuterium to produce helium 4.

The main problem in thermodynamic reactions is in finding a means or a container for containing it. One solution is to rely on magnetic fields to keep the interaction away from the walls of the tube at high temperatures where the nuclear reactions occur, so the atoms lose their electrons and become a group of electrons and positive charge nuclei The gas, in this case, is plasma. In the reaction receptor, the plasma generates a very high current through the gas. This same current happens in a magnetic field that limits the plasma, holding it in the center of the tube away from its walls.

The energy is still extracted from the thermonuclear reaction at the testing stage, one potential is to use the material as liquid calcium to extract the heat from the reaction tube and this heat is used in turn to generate steam by rotating the generator.

Nuclear bomb. This type of atomic bomb was called Fatman and weighing one of them about 4500 kg.