ELECTROMAGNETISM.

In 1820, the Danish scientist Hans Orsted have conducted a critical research in order to find out the effect of electric current passing by a piece of magnet. you can conduct this experiment yourself with a 3-volt battery, a copper wire, and a pocket compass.

Orsted experiment.

connect one of the wire terminals to the battery positive pole, then lay the wire on the compass parallel to the compass pointer, then connect the other copper wire to the negative pole of the battery, you will notice that the compass had changed it's pointer direction so fast, this is called magnetic flux. this experiment shows that the current passing through the copper wire has a magnetic effect, the electromagnetic field is similar to the magnetic field but has another shape. In order to see the electromagnetic field shape,

Electromagnetic field direction.

 you can bring a small piece of paper 5cm X 5cm and get a piece of copper wire, breach the middle of the paper with the copper wire terminal and pass the wire until paper becomes in the middle of the wire, connect the wire to a three volt battery then through some iron filings on the surface of the paper. you will notice the filings made five or six surrounding circles around the wire. wrap a one-meter copper wire around a pencil and leave terminals free, free the copper wire from the pencil then connect the terminals to a 3 volts battery,

Hans Christian Orsted 1777-1851

then hold a piece of a magnet near the wire you will notice that the wire has a north pole and a south pole if you reverse the wire terminals with the battery you will notice that the wire poles have been reversed. this effect is called again the electromagnetic field. It is very obvious if you made more turns of wire around a piece of steel like a nail, it will make a bigger electromagnetic field after connecting it to the power source,

Electric field.

 and the steel stays attractive after disconnecting the power source, unlike iron it doesn't stay attractive if the same experiment were conducted. there are so many applications for the electromagnetic technology, it's been used in the speakers, doorbells, motors and many others. our knowledge of the electric

Electrically powered scrap magnet.

magnets show us how magnets work, in the magnetic materials like iron the atoms itself has magnetic attributes. But the atoms of these magnets take multiple directions and this is the case of the non-magnetized rod. In the case of magnetization, the micro-atomic magnets take a uniform direction. When a magnetized rod is rounded from another non-magnetized rod, it is attracted by the effect, because its atomic magnets come in one direction by the effect of the magnet. When the magnet is heated,

Tiny scrap Eye extractor.

 it loses its magnetism because its atoms are dispersed and the same happens if it got hit. The electric current passing in the wire is a river of electrons, the magnetic effect is caused by electrons movement which we can conclude that the electrons itself inside atoms in a piece of permanent magnet is moving which causing the magnetic effect.