AIRCRAFT.

The human has ever dreamed of flying and experienced many ways to achieve flying. The first successful launch of the Airship by the brothers Montgolfier in 1782 when they used hot air which is lighter than the normal air, to fill in the Airship.

The flying boat, Sikorsky 542

The Airship was used in the first human flying attempt in 1783 while it was tied to the ground with a robe. In 1785 Blanchard and Jeffries succeded to cross the English canal using Airship filled with Hydrogen which is a lighter gas than Oxygen and normal air. in the 19th century, Gliders was used to simulate birds flying and its wings is a little curved, which pushes the air down slightly during flying which keeps the Glider flying for longer periods. 

First Model Of Concord

The problem was the invention of a vehicle carrying a human being inside, pushing the air forward and flying for long distances, and this problem found a solution after the invention of the internal combustion engine. Brothers Wright started designing aircraft with oil engines guided by their experience with glider flights design, the first successful flying with oil engine was in 1903 when their aircraft flew for 12 seconds crossing 3 meters high and 40 meters length.The plane was made of hemp and wood around a 12-horsepower engine. 

Arvil wright and Wilbur Wright

Flying, in the beginning, was considered as Recreational Sport and aircrafts were built for adventurers only. in the ww1 the aircrafts were used to bomb the enemy sites and governments realized its importance. The successive improvements were made on the aircraft, replacing the wood structure with the aluminum chassis and equipping the chassis with two seats for the pilot and another for his companion.

The first historical fly attempt.

 In 1919 John Coke and Arthur Brown made their first transatlantic flight. In 1934, a DC2 plane opened a passenger airliner between England and Australia. The Pan American Airlines in 1939 established the first transatlantic air transport service.The aircraft in World War II was the most important and most effective means of warfare.

A drawing shows how air affect on
the aircraft.

During the five years of war, the need for improvements in the aircraft industry was made more important, with the use of single-deck aircraft rather than dual-surface and jet engine development. Before the war ended, the two teams were using jet fighters in their air force.After the war, all these improvements and experiences were used to build modern passenger planes. The Boeing 707 is a development of the B-29 bomber used to throw the atomic bomb on Hiroshima and Nagasaki.In the fixed-wing aircraft, the lift is produced by the air pressure differentials on the fixed wings while the propulsion is driven by the propeller or the jet engine. These aircraft need a long runway and a high landing speed. Ultrasonic aircraft fly at an ultrasonic speed (1200 km / h) close to sea level. The Concorde can fly at twice the speed of the sound.